Alternate Jurors – FRCP 24 Requires Strict Compliance

United States v. Mendoza, No 06-2999.

A jury found José Mendoza guilty of distributing amphetamine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1).  Mendoza challenges the sufficiency of the government’s evidence against him and the district court’s procedure for identifying alternate jurors.  We affirm.

At the beginning of his trial on...

Alternate Jurors – FRCP 24 Requires Strict Compliance Continue reading…

Government’s Burden is Preponderance for Sentencing Enhancements

USA v. Morad Abu Sliman, 05-3056. This is an amount of loss opinion. The defendant engaged in a scheme with others involving counterfeit and forged checks.

Held:  The government must prove sentencing enhancements by a preponderance of evidence standard.  Here, the district court determined that the intended fraud amount was...

Government’s Burden is Preponderance for Sentencing Enhancements Continue reading…

Boilerplate Rules for Relevant Conduct Calculation in Drug Cases

USA v. Raul and Paqul Romero, 05-3294 and 05-3681.   A grand jury in the returned an 18-count superseding indictment charging narcotics violations against seven individuals including Raul and Ricardo Romero.   The government alleged that Raul Romero was a drug dealer in the organization while Ricardo Romero was a drug courier.

Boilerplate Rules for Relevant Conduct Calculation in Drug Cases Continue reading…

Sophisticated Means Explained

USA v. James Fife and Karen Krahn, 06-2037, 06-2038 & 06-2175.  James Fife pled guilty to four counts of willfully making and subscribing a false income tax return in violation of 26 U.S.C. § 7206(1). Karen Krahn, Fife’s wife, pled guilty to one count of willfully aiding and assisting in the preparation and...

Sophisticated Means Explained Continue reading…

Absent Timely Objection Improper Closing Argument By AUSA Not Enough to Reverse Conviciton

USA v. Matthew Hale, 05-1922.  Mathew Hale, aka Pontificus Maximus, represents himself on appeal on his way to having his 40 year sentence affirmed.  He starts out with a sufficiency of evidence argument.  As the court stated, the hurdle on this argument is often "insurmountable."  As a starting point the court concludes...

Absent Timely Objection Improper Closing Argument By AUSA Not Enough to Reverse Conviciton Continue reading…

Residential Burglary is Crime of Violence for Career Offender, Illinois Unlawful Possession of a Knife Conviciton is Violent Felony for ACCA

USA v. Jerome Kindle, 05-2741.   Kindle appeals the district courts finding that he is a career offender and  that burglary is a crime of violence.   "Career offender" and "Crime of Violence" are findings of law and are reviewed de novo by the 7th Circuit. 

Here, Kindle admits that his...

Residential Burglary is Crime of Violence for Career Offender, Illinois Unlawful Possession of a Knife Conviciton is Violent Felony for ACCA Continue reading…

Sixth Amendment Right to Confrontation Does Not Apply to 911 Call Tape, Requirements for Supplemental Jury Instructions

USA v. Randell Thomas, 04-2063.  Thomas appeals his felon in possession of ammunition conviction, 18 USC 922 (g)(1).  At trial, the government played a 911 call   Thomas argues that the playing of the 911 tape violated his Sixth Amendment right to confrontation. 

The Sixth Amendment right to confrontation only applies...

Sixth Amendment Right to Confrontation Does Not Apply to 911 Call Tape, Requirements for Supplemental Jury Instructions Continue reading…